Complete List of References

Overview

American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) (2003). Investigation and prosecution of child abuse (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA) (2005). The evaluation, treatment, and management of adult sexual abusers. Beaverton, OR: Author.
Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA) (2005). The registration and notification of adult sexual offenders. http://www.atsa.com/ppnotify.html, accessed June 26, 2007.
Barbaree, H. E., & Marshall, W. L. (Eds.). (2006). The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.
Becker, J., & Murphy, W. (1998). What we know and don’t know about assessing and treating sex offenders. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 4, 116–137.
Berlin, F. S. (2000). The etiology and treatment of sexual offending. In D. H. Fishbein (Ed.), The science, treatment, and prevention of antisocial behaviors: Application to the criminal justice system (pp. 21.1–21.15). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Bumby, K. M., Talbot, T. B., & Carter, M. M. (in press). Sex offender reentry: Facilitating public safety through successful transition and community reintegration. Criminal Justice and Behavior.
Bumby, K. M., & Maddox, M. C. (1999). Judges’ knowledge about sexual offenders, difficulties presiding over sexual offense cases, and opinions on sentencing, treatment, and legislation. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 305–315.
Carter, M., Bumby, K., & Talbot, T. (2004). Promoting offender accountability and community safety through the Comprehensive Approach to Sex Offender Management. Seton Hall Law Review, 34, 1273–1297.
Catalano, S. (2005). National crime victimization survey: Criminal victimization, 2004. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000a). Community supervision of the sex offender: An overview of current and promising practices. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000b). Engaging advocates and other victim service providers in the community management of sex offenders. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000c). Public opinion and the criminal justice system: Building support for sex offender management programs. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000d). The collaborative approach to sex offender management. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2001). Community notification and education. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2002). An overview of sex offender management. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2007). Managing the challenges of sex offender reentry. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Cumming, G. F., & McGrath, R. J. (2005). Supervision of the sex offender: Community management, risk assessment, and treatment. Brandon, VT: The Safer Society Press.
D’Amora, D., & Burns–Smith, G. (1999). Partnering in response to sexual violence: How offender treatment and victim advocacy can work together in response to sexual violence. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 293–304.
English, K., Pullen, S., & Jones, L. (Eds.) (1996). Managing adult sex offenders: A Containment Approach. Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
English, K., Jones, L. & Patrick, I. (2003). Community containment of sex offender risk: A promising approach. In B.J. Winick & J.W. LaFond (Eds.), Protecting society from dangerous offenders: Law, justice, and therapy (pp. 265–277) Washington, D.C.:
American Psychological Association.
Fanniff, A., & Becker, J. (2006). Developmental considerations in working with juvenile sexual offenders. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 119–141). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Finkelhor, D. (1994). Current information on the scope and nature of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 4, 31–53.
Hanson, R. K., Gordon, A., Harris, A. J., R., Marques, J. K., Murphy, W., Quinsey, V. L., & Seto, M. C. (2002). First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 169–194.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2000). Where should we intervene? Dynamic predictors of sexual offense recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27, 6–35.
Hanson, R. K., & Morton–Bourgon, K. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta–analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 11541163.
Holmgren, B. K. (1999). Forging new alliances: Proposals for change in managing sex offenders within the criminal justice system. In B. K. Schwartz (Ed.), The sex offender: Theoretical advances, treating special populations, and legal developments (pp. 37.1–37.20). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Hunter, J. A. (2006). Understanding diversity in juvenile sexual offenders: Implications for assessment, treatment, and legal management. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 63–77). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Hunter, J. A., Figueredo, A. J., Malamuth, N. M., & Becker, J. V. (2003). Juvenile sex offenders: Toward the development of a typology. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, 27–48.
Hunter, J. A., Figueredo, A. J., Malamuth, N. M., & Becker, J. V. (2004). Developmental pathways in youth sexual aggression and delinquency. Journal of Family Violence, 19, 233–242.
Kilpatrick, D. G., Edmunds, C. N., & Seymour, A. K. (1992). Rape in America: A report to the nation. Arlington, VA: National Victim Center.
Laws, D. R. (2003). Sexual offending is a public health problem: Are we doing enough? In T. Ward, D. R. Laws, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Issues and controversies (pp. 297316). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Letourneau, E. J. (2006). Legal consequences of juvenile sex offending in the United States. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender. (2nd ed.), (pp. 275–290). New York, NY: Guilford.
Letourneau, E. J., & Miner, M. H. (2005). Juvenile sex offenders: A case against the legal and clinical status quo. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 293–312.
Longo, R. E., & Prescott, D. S. (Eds.). (2006). Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Lösel, F., & Schmucker, M. (2005). The effectiveness of treatment for sexual offenders: A comprehensive meta–analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1, 117–146.
Marshall, W. L. (1996). The sexual offender: Monster, victim, or everyman? Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 8, 317–335.
Matson, S., & Lieb, R. (1996). Sex offender registration: A review of state laws. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
McGrath, R. J., Cumming, G. F., & Burchard, B. L. (2003). Current practices and trends in sexual abuser management: The Safer Society 2002 nationwide survey. Brandon, VT: Safer Society.
McMahon, P. M. (2000). The public health approach to the prevention of sexual violence. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12, 27–36.
McMahon, P. M., & Puett, R. C. (1999). Child sexual abuse as a public health issue: Recommendations of an expert panel. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 257–266.
National Adolescent Perpetrator Network (NAPN) (1993). The revised report from the National Task Force on Juvenile Sexual Offending. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 44, 1–120.
Prescott, D. S. (Ed.). (2006). Risk assessment of youth who have sexually abused: Theory, controversy, and emerging strategies. Oklahoma City, OK: Wood & Barnes Publishing.
Reitzel, L. R., & Carbonell, J. L. (2006). The effectiveness of sex offender treatment for juveniles as measured by recidivism: A meta–analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 18, 401–421.
Ryan, G., & Lane, S. (Eds.). (1997). Juvenile Sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction. San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass.
Snyder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 national report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Spencer, A. P. (1999). Working with sex offenders in prisons and through release to the community: A handbook. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, Ltd.
Strate, D. C., Jones, L., Pullen, S., & English, K. (1996). Criminal justice policies and sex offender denial. In K. English, S. Pullen, & L. Jones (Eds.), Managing adult sex offenders: A Containment Approach (pp. 4.1–4.15). Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2006). Extent, nature, and consequences of rape victimization: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey, special report. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Ward, T., Polaschek, D. L. L., & Beech, A. R. (2006). Theories of sexual offending. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wurtele, S. K. (1999). Comprehensiveness and collaboration: Key ingredients of an effective public health approach to preventing child sexual abuse. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 323–325.
Zimring, F. E. (2004). An American travesty: Legal responses to adolescent sexual offending. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Investigation, Prosecution, and Disposition

Ahrens, C. E., Campbell, R., Wasco, S. M., Aponte, G., Grubstein, L., & Davidson, W. S. (2000). Sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs: Alternative systems for service delivery for sexual assault victims. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 921–943.
American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) (2003). Investigation and prosecution of child abuse (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Aos, S., Phipps, P., Barnoski, R., & Lieb, R. (2006). Evidence–based adult corrections programs: What works and what does not. Document number 06–01–1201. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA) (2000). The effective legal management of juvenile sexual offenders. Beaverton, OR: Author.
Bala, N., & Schwartz, I. (1993). Legal responses to the juvenile sex offender. In H. E. Barbaree, W. L. Marshall, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (pp. 25–44). New York, NY: Guilford.
Becker, J. V., & Hicks, S. J. (2003). Juvenile sexual offenders: Characteristics, interventions, and policy issues. In R. Prentky, E. S. Janus, & M. C. Seto (Eds.), Sexually coercive behavior: Understanding and management (pp. 397–410). New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences.
Bumby, K. M., & Maddox, M. C. (1999). Judges’ knowledge about sexual offenders, difficulties presiding over sexual offense cases, and opinions on sentencing, treatment, and legislation. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 305–315.
Bumby, K. M., Talbot, T. B., West, R., & Darling, D. (2006). System challenges and substantive needs regarding juvenile sex offenders: A summary of perspectives from the bench. Presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, Chicago, IL.
Campbell, R. (1998). The community response to sexual assault: Victims’ experiences with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 355–379.
Campbell, R., Sefl, T., Barnes, H. E., Ahrens, C. E., Wasco, S. M., & Zaragoza–Diesfeld, Y. (1999). Community services for rape survivors: Enhancing psychological well–being or increasing trauma? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 847–858.
Center for Effective Public Policy (CEPP) (2007). Managing juvenile sex offense cases: Keys to informed decisionmaking (training curriculum). Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000). Engaging advocates and other victim service providers in the community management of sex offenders. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2006). Involving victims and victim advocates in the management of sex offenders in the community (training curriculum). Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2007). Enhancing the management of adult and juvenile sex offenders: A handbook for policy–makers and practitioners (Revised). Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Chaffin, M., Letourneau, E., & Silovsky, J. F. (2002). Adults, adolescents, and children who sexually abuse children: A developmental perspective. In J. E. B. Myers, L. Berliner, J. Briere, C. T. Hendrix, C. Jenny, & T. A. Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed.) (pp. 205–232). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Cumming, G. F., & Buell, M. M. (1997). Supervision of the sex offender. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
Cumming, G. F., & McGrath, R. J. (2005). Supervision of the sex offender: Community management, risk assessment, and treatment. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
D’Amora, D., & Burns–Smith, G. (1999). Partnering in response to sexual violence: How offender treatment and victim advocacy can work together in response to sexual violence. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 293–304.
English, K., Jones, L., & Patrick, D. (2003). Community containment of sex offender risk: A promising approach. In B. J. Winick & J. Q. LaFond (Eds.), Protecting society from sexually dangerous offenders: Law, justice, and therapy (pp. 265–279). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
English, K., Pullen, S., Jones, L., & Krauth, B. (1996). A model process: A Containment Approach. In K. English, S. Pullen, & L. Jones (Eds.), Managing adult sex offenders: A Containment Approach (pp. 2.1–2.45). Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (2006). Crime in the United States, 2005: Uniform crime reports. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Finkel, M. A., & Giardino, A. P. (2001). Medical evaluation of child sexual abuse: A practical guide (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Hanson, R.K. (2000). Risk assessment. ATSA informational package. Beaverton, OR: Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers.
Hanson, R. K., Gordon, A., Harris, A. J. R., Marques, J. K., Murphy, W., Quinsey, V. L., & Seto, M. C. (2002). First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 169–194.
Hanson, R. K., & Morton–Bourgon, K. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta–analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 11541163.
Hazelwood, R. R., & Burgess, A. W. (2001). Practical aspects of rape investigation: A multidisciplinary approach (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: CRC Press.
Heinz, J., & Ryan, G. (1997). The legal system’s response to juvenile sexual offenders. In G. Ryan & S. Lane (Eds.), Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction (pp. 201–210). San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass, Inc.
Holmgren, B. K. (1999). Forging new alliances: Proposals for change in managing sex offenders within the criminal justice system. In B. K. Schwartz (Ed.), The sex offender: Theoretical advances, treating special populations, and legal developments (pp. 37.1–37.20). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Klotz, J. A., Wexler, D. B., Sales, B. D., & Becker, J. V. (1992). Cognitive restructuring through law: A therapeutic jurisprudence approach to sex offenders and the plea process. University of Puget Sound Law Review, 15, 579–595.
Ledray, L. (1999). Sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) development and operation guide. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime.
Ledray, L. E. (2004). Forensic medical evidence: The contributions of the Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE). In B. E. Turvey & J. Savino (Eds.), Rape investigation handbook (pp. 119146). London, England: Elsevier Academic Press.
Letourneau, E. J. (2006). Legal consequences of juvenile sex offending in the United States. In H.E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 275–290). New York, NY: Guilford.
Letourneau, E. J., & Miner, M. H. (2005). Juvenile sex offenders: A case against the legal and clinical status quo. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 293–312.
Lösel, F. & Schmucker, M. (2005). The effectiveness of treatment for sexual offenders: A comprehensive meta–analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1, 117–146.
MacKenzie, D. L. (2006). Sex offender treatment. In D. L. MacKenzie, What works in corrections: Reducing the criminal activities of offenders and delinquents (pp. 137–167). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Myers, J. E. B., Berliner, L., Briere, J. N., Hendrix, C. T., Reid, T. A., & Jenny, C. A. (2002). The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
National Adolescent Perpetrator Network (NAPN) (1993). The revised report from the National Task Force on Juvenile Sexual Offending. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 44, 1–120.
Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) (2000). Sexual assault. National Victim Assistance Academy Text 2000 (Web site). http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/assist/nvaa2000/academy/J–10–SA.htm, accessed June 27, 2007. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
Prescott, D. S. (2006) (Ed.). Risk assessment of youth who have sexually abused: Theory, controversy, and emerging strategies. Oklahoma City, OK: Wood & Barnes Publishing.
Reitzel, L. R., & Carbonell, J. L. (2006). The effectiveness of sex offender treatment for juveniles as measured by recidivism: A meta–analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 18, 401–421.
Schafran, L. H., Baldini , R. M., & Bayliff, C. J. (2001a). Understanding sexual violence: Prosecuting adult rape and sexual assault cases: A model four day curriculum. New York, NY: National Judicial Education Program.
Schafran, L. H., Bayliff, C. J., & Baldini, R. M. (2001b). Understanding sexual violence: The judge’s role in stranger and non–stranger rape and sexual assault cases. New York, NY: National Judicial Education Program.
Simon, L. (2003). Matching legal policies with known offenders. In B. J. Winick & J. Q. LaFond (Eds.), Protecting society from sexually dangerous offenders: Law, justice, and therapy (pp. 149–163). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. Snyder, H., & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 national report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Strate, D. C., Jones, L., Pullen, S., & English, K. (1996). Criminal justice policies and sex offender denial. In K. English, S. Pullen, & L. Jones (Eds.), Managing adult sex offenders: A Containment Approach (pp. 4.1–4.15). Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
Turvey, B. E. & Savino, J. (2004). Rape investigation handbook. London, England: Elsevier Academic Press.
Vieth, V. I., Bottoms, B. L., & Perona, A. R. (2006). Ending child abuse: New efforts in prevention, investigation, and training. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
Worling, J. R., & Langstrom, N. (2006). Risk of sexual recidivism in adolescents who offend sexually: Correlates and assessment. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 219–247). New York, NY: Guilford.
Zimring, F. E. (2004). An American travesty: Legal responses to adolescent sexual offending. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Assessment

Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., Mittelman, M. S., Cunningham–Rathner, J., Rouleau, J. L., & Murphy, W. D. (1987). Self reported sex crimes of non–incarcerated paraphiliacs. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2, 3–25.
Abel, G. G., Gore, D. K., Holland, C. L., Camp, N., Becker, J. V., & Rathner, J. (1989). The measurement of the cognitive distortions of child molesters. Annals of Sex Research, 2, 135–152.
Abel, G. G., Huffman, J., Warberg, B., & Holland, C. L. (1998). Visual reaction time and plethysmography as measures of sexual interest in child molesters. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 10, 81–95.
Abel, G. G., Jordan, A., Hand, C. G., Holland, L. A., & Phipps, A. (2001). Classification models of child molesters utilizing the Abel Assessment for Sexual Interest. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25, 703–718.
Abel, G. G., Lawry, S. S., Karlstrom, E., Osborn, C. A., & Gillespie, C. F. (1994). Screening tests for pedophilia. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 21, 115–131.
Ahlmeyer, S., Heil, P., McKee, B., & English, K. (2000). The impact of polygraphy on admissions of victims and offenses in adult sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12, 123–138.
Andrews, D.A., & Bonta, J. (2007). The psychology of criminal conduct (4th ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J., & Wormith, S. J. (2004). The Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi–Health Systems.
Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J., & Wormith, S. J. (2006). The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment. Crime and Delinquency, 52, 7–27.
Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA) (2005). Practice standards and guidelines for the evaluation, treatment, and management of adult male sexual abusers. Beaverton, OR: Author.
Becker, J. V., & Harris, C. (2004). The psychophysiological assessment of juvenile offenders. In G. O’ Reilly, W. L. Marshall, A. Carr, & R. C. Beckett (Eds.), The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse (pp. 190–202). New York, NY: Brunner–Routledge.
Berlin, F. S. (2000). The etiology and treatment of sexual offending. In D. H. Fishbein (Ed.), The science, treatment, and prevention of antisocial behaviors: Application to the criminal justice system (pp. 21.1–21.15). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Blasingame, G. D. (1998). Suggested clinical uses of polygraphy in community–based sexual offender treatment programs. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 10, 37–45.
Boer, D., Hart, S., Kropp, P., & Webster, C. (1997). Manual for the Sexual Violence Risk–20: Professional guidelines for assessing risk of sexual violence. Burnaby, British Columbia: Mental Health Law and Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University.
Borum, R., Bartel, P. A., & Forth, A. E. (2002). Manual for the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY). Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.
Bradford, J. M. W., & Greenberg, D. M. (1998). Treatment of adult male sexual offenders in a psychiatric setting. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 247–256). New York, NY: Plenum.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (1999). Understanding juvenile sexual offending behavior: Emerging research, treatment approaches, and management practices. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000). The collaborative approach to sex offender management. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2002). An overview of sex offender management. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Cullen, F. T., & Gendreau, P. (2000). Assessing correctional rehabilitation: Policy, practice, and prospects. In Criminal justice 2000: Policies, processes, and decisions of the criminal justice system (pp. 109–176). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
Cumming, G. F., & McGrath, R. J. (2000). External supervision: How can it increase the effectiveness of relapse prevention? In D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook (pp. 236–253). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cumming, G. F., & McGrath, R. J. (2005). Supervision of the sex offender: Community management, risk assessment, and treatment. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
Epperson, D. L., Kaul, J. D., Huot, S. J., Hesselton, D., Alexander, W., & Goldman, R. (2000). Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool—Revised (MnSOST–R): General instructions. St. Paul, MN: Department of Corrections.
Epperson, D. L., Ralston, C. A., Fowers, D., DeWitt, J., & Gore, K. A. (2006). Actuarial risk assessment with juveniles who offend sexually: Development of the Juvenile Sexual Offense Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool–II (JSORRATII). In D. Prescott (Ed.), Risk assessment of youth who have sexually abused: Theory, controversy and emerging strategies (pp. 118–169). Oklahoma City, OK: Wood & Barnes Publishing.
Fanniff, A. M., & Becker, J. V. (2006a). Developmental considerations in working with juvenile sexual offenders. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 119–141). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Fanniff, A. M., & Becker, J. V. (2006b). Specialized assessment and treatment of adolescent sex offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 265–282.
Forth, A. E., Kosson, D. S., & Hare, R. D. (2003). Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi–Health Systems, Inc.
Friendship, C., Mann, R. E., & Beech, A. R. (2003). Evaluation of a national prison–based treatment program for sexual offenders in England and Wales. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 744–759.
Gendreau, P. (1996). The principles of effective intervention with offenders. In A. T. Harland (Ed.), Choosing correctional options that work (pp. 117–130). London, England: Sage.
Gendreau, P., Goggin, C., Cullen, F. T., & Andrews, D. (2001). The effects of community sanctions and incarceration on recidivism. In L.L. Montiuk & R. C. Serin (Eds.), Compendium 2000 on effective correctional programming: Volume 1 (pp. 18–21). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Correctional Service Canada.
Ginsburg, J. I. D., Mann, R. E., Rotgers, F., & Weekes, J. R. (2002). Motivational interviewing with criminal justice populations. In W. R. Miller & S. Rollnick, Motivational Interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.) (pp. 333346). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Gordon, A., & Nicholaichuk, T. (1996). Applying the risk principle to sex offender treatment. Forum of Correctional Research, 8, 58–60.
Grisso, T., & Barnum, R. (2001). The Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument: Second Version (MAYSI–2). Worcester, MA: University of Massachusetts Medical School.
Grove, W. M. & Meehl, P.E. (1996). Comparative efficiency of informal (subjective, impressionistic) and formal (mechanical, algorithmic) prediction procedures: The clinical–statistical controversy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 2, 293–323.
Grove, W. M., Zald, D. H., Lebow, B. S., Snitz, B. E., & Nelson, C. (2000). Clinical versus mechanical prediction: A meta–analysis. Psychological Assessment, 12, 19–30.
Grubin, D. (2000). Complementing relapse prevention with medical intervention. In D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook (pp. 201–212). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Hanson, R. K. (1997). The development of a brief actuarial scale for sexual offense recidivism, 97–04. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of the Solicitor General of Canada.
Hanson, R. K. (2006). What works: The principles of effective interventions with offenders. Presentation at the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, Chicago, IL.
Hanson, R. K., & Bussiere, M. T. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta–analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 348–362.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2000a). The Sex Offender Need Assessment Rating (SONAR): A method for measuring change in risk levels, 2000–1. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of the Solicitor General of Canada.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2000b). Where should we intervene? Dynamic predictors of sexual offense recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27, 6–35.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2001). A structured approach to evaluating change among sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, 105–122.
Hanson, R. K., & Morton–Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta–analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1154–1163.
Hanson, R. K., & Morton–Bourgon, K. E. (2007). The accuracy of recidivism risk assessments for sexual offenders: A meta–analysis, 2007–01. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada.
Hanson, R. K., & Thornton, D. (1999). Static–99: Improving actuarial risk assessments for sex offenders, 1999–02. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of the Solicitor General of Canada.
Hare, R. D. (2003). Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL–R): Second edition technical manual. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi–Health Systems, Inc.
Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C., & Earls, C. M. (1992). Maximizing the discriminant validity of phallometric data. Psychological Assessment, 4, 502–511.
Hart, S. D., Kropp, P. R., & Laws, R. L. (2004). The Risk for Sexual Violence Protocol (RSVP). Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada: Mental Health, Law, and Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University.
Heil, P., Ahlmeyer, S., & Simons, D. (2003). Crossover sexual offenses. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, 221–236.
Hoge, R. D., & Andrews, D. A. (1997). The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi–Health Systems.
Holmgren, B. K. (1999). Forging new alliances: Proposals for change in managing sex offenders within the criminal justice system. In B. K. Schwartz (Ed.), The sex offender: Theoretical advances, treating special populations, and legal developments (pp. 37.1–37.20). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Hunter, J. A. (2006). Understanding diversity in juvenile sexual offenders: Implications for assessment, treatment, and legal management. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 63–77). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Hunter, J. A., Figueredo, A. J., Malamuth, N. M., & Becker, J. V. (2003). Juvenile sex offenders: Toward the development of a typology. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, 27–48.
Hunter, J. A., & Lexier, L. J. (1998). Ethical and legal issues in the assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders. Child Maltreatment, 3, 339–348.
Kafka, M.P. (2001). The role of medications in the treatment of paraphilia–related disorders. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 16, 105–112.
Kafka, M. P., & Hennen, J. (2002). A DSM–IV Axis I Comorbidity study of males (n=120) with paraphilias and paraphilia–related disorders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 349–366.
Krisberg, B. (2005). What works in juvenile justice. In B. Krisberg, Juvenile justice: Redeeming our children (pp. 145–162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Lalumiere, M. L., & Quinsey, V. L. (1994). The discriminability of rapists from non–sex offenders using phallometric measures: A meta–analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 21, 150–175.
Langan, P. A., Schmitt, E. L., & Durose, M. R. (2003). Recidivism of sex offenders released from prison in 1994. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Laws, D. R. (2003). Penile plethysmography: Will we ever get it right? In T. Ward, D. R. Laws, & S.M. Hudson (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Issues and controversies (pp. 82–102). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Laws, D. R., & O’ Donohue, W. (Eds.) (1997). Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment and treatment. New York, NY: Guilford.
Letourneau, E. J. (2002). A comparison of objective measures of sexual arousal and interest: Visual reaction time and penile plethysmography. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 207–223.
Letourneau, E. J., & Miner, M. H. (2005). Juvenile sex offenders: A case against the legal and clinical status quo. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 293–312.
Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (1998). Effective intervention for serious juvenile offenders: A synthesis of research. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 313–345). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Longo, R. E., & Prescott, D. S. (2006) (Eds.). Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Lyons, J. S. (2001). Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths: An information integration tool for children and adolescents with issues of sexual development (CANS–SD Manual). http://www.buddinpraed.org, accessed June 26, 2007.
Mailloux, D. L., Abracen, J., Serin, R., Cousineau, C., Malcome, B., & Looman, J. (2003). Dosage of treatment to sexual offenders: Are we overprescribing? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47, 171–184.
Marques, J. K., Wiederanders, M., Day, D. M., Nelson, C., & van Ommeren, A. (2005). Effects of a relapse prevention program on sexual recidivism: Final results from California’s Sex Offender Treatment and Evaluation Project (SOTEP). Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 79–107.
Marshall, W. L., & Fernandez, Y. M. (2003). Phallometric testing with sexual offenders: Theory, research, and practice. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
McGrath, R. J., & Cumming, G. F. (2003). Sex Offender Treatment Needs and Progress Scale Manual. Middlebury, VT: Author.
McGrath, R. J., Cumming, G. F., & Burchard, B.L. (2003). Current practices and trends in sexual abuser management: The Safer Society 2002 nationwide survey. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
McGrath, R. J., & Hoke, S. E. (2002). Vermont Assessment of Sex Offender Risk Manual. Middlebury, VT: Author.
Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational Interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.
National Academies of Sciences. (2003). The polygraph and lie detection. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
National Adolescent Perpetrator Network (NAPN) (1993). The revised report from the National Task Force on Juvenile Sexual Offending. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 44, 1–120.
National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ) (2005). Juvenile delinquency guidelines: Improving court practice in juvenile delinquency cases. Reno, NV: Author.
Nisbet, I. A., Wilson, P. H., & Smallbone, S. W. (2004). A prospective longitudinal study of sexual recidivism among adolescent sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 224–234.
O’Connell, M. (2000). Polygraphy: Assessment and community monitoring. In D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook (pp. 285–302). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Prentky, R. A. (1997). Arousal reduction in sexual offenders: A review of antiandrogen interventions. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9, 335–347.
Prentky, R., Harris, B., Frizzell, K., & Righthand, S. (2000). An actuarial procedure for assessing risk in juvenile sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12, 71–93.
Prentky, R. A., & Righthand, S. (2003). Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol–II Manual. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Prescott, D. S. (2006) (Ed.). Risk assessment of youth who have sexually abused: Theory, controversy, and emerging strategies. Oklahoma City, OK: Wood & Barnes Publishing.
Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Cormier, C. A. (2006). Violent offenders: Appraising and managing risk (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., & Quinsey, V. L. (1990). A follow–up of rapists assessed in a maximum security psychiatric facility. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5, 435–448.
Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., & Harris, G. T. (1991). Sexual recidivism among child molesters released from a maximum security psychiatric institution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 381–386.
Righthand, S., Prentky, R., Knight, R., Carpenter, E., Hecker, J. E., & Nangle, D. (2005). Factor structure and validation of the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol (J–SOAP). Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 13–30.
Scott, L. K. (1997). Community management of sex offenders. In B. K. Schwartz & H. R. Cellini (Eds.), The sex offender: New insights, treatment innovations, and legal developments (pp.16.1–16.12). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Smith, G., & Fischer, L. (1999). Assessment of juvenile sexual offenders: Reliability and validity of the Abel Assessment for Interest in Paraphilias. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 207–215.
Worling, J. R. (2004). The Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism (ERASOR): Preliminary data. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 235–254.
Worling, J. R., & Curwen, T. (2001). The ERASOR: Estimate of risk of adolescent sexual offense recidivism. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: SAFE–T Program.
Worling, J. R., & Langstrom, N. (2006). Risk of sexual recidivism in adolescents who offend sexually: Correlates and assessment. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 219–247). New York, NY: Guilford.

Supervision

Andrews, D.A., & Bonta, J. (2007). The psychology of criminal conduct (4th ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J., & Wormith, S. J. (2004). The level of service/case management inventory (LS/CMI). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi–Health Systems.
Aos, S., Miller, M., & Drake, E. (2006). Evidence–based adult corrections programs: What works and what does not. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
Aos, S., Phipps, P., Barnoski, R., & Lieb, R. (2001). The comparative costs and benefits of programs to reduce crime. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA) (2000). The effective legal management of juvenile sexual offenders. Beaverton, OR: Author.
Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA) (2005). Practice standards and guidelines for the evaluation, treatment and management of adult male sexual abusers. Beaverton, OR: Author.
Barbaree, H. E., & Cortoni, F. A. (1993). Treatment of the juvenile sex offender within the criminal justice and mental health systems. In H. E. Barbaree, W. L. Marshall, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (pp. 243–263). New York, NY: Guilford.
Beech, A., Friendship, C., Erikson, M., & Hanson, R. K. (2002). The relationship between static and dynamic risk factors and reconviction in a sample of U.K. Child Abusers. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 155–167.
Bengis, S. (1997). Comprehensive service delivery with a continuum of care. In G. D. Ryan & S. L. Lane (Eds.), Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction (pp. 211–218). San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass.
Blasingame, G. D. (1998). Suggested clinical uses of polygraphy in community–based sexual offender treatment programs. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 10, 37–45.
Bonta, J., Wallace–Capretta, S., & Rooney, J. (2000). Can electronic monitoring make a difference? An evaluation of three Canadian programs. Crime & Delinquency, 46, 61–75.
Bumby, K. M. & Talbot, T. B. (2007). Treating juveniles who commit sex offenses: Historical approaches, contemporary practices, and future directions. In M. Calder (Ed.), Working with children and youth who sexually abuse: Taking the field forward (pp. 245–261). Lyme Regis, UK: Russell House.
Bumby, K. M., Talbot, T. B., & Carter, M. M. (in press). Sex offender reentry: Facilitating public safety through successful transition and community reintegration. Criminal Justice and Behavior.
Carter, M., Bumby, K., & Talbot, T. (2004). Promoting offender accountability and community safety through the Comprehensive Approach to Sex Offender Management. Seton Hall Law Review, 34, 1273–1297.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (1999). Understanding juvenile sexual offending behavior: Emerging research, treatment approaches, and management practices. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000). Community supervision of the sex offender: An overview of current and promising practices. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2002a). An overview of sex offender management. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2002b). Time to work: Managing the employment of sex offenders under community supervision. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Colorado Sex Offender Management Board and Colorado Department of Education. (2003). Reference guide for school personnel concerning juveniles who have committed sexually abusive and offending behavior. Colorado Department of Public Safety, Division of Criminal Justice, Office of Domestic Violence and Sex Offender Management and Colorado Department of Education. Denver, CO: Author.
Conrad, D. J., & Perry, B. D. (2000). The cost of caring: Understanding and preventing secondary traumatic stress when working with traumatized and maltreated children. Child Trauma Academy Interdisciplinary Education Series.
Correctional Service Canada (CSC) (2002). Circles of support and accountability: A guide to training potential volunteers, training manual 2002. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Author.
Cullen, F. T., & Gendreau, P. (2000). Assessing correctional rehabilitation: Policy, practice, and prospects. In Criminal justice 2000: Policies, processes, and decisions of the criminal justice system (pp. 109–176). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Justice.
Cumming, G. F., & Buell, M. M. (1997). Supervision of the sex offender. Brandon, VT: Safer Society.
Cumming, G. F., & McGrath, R. J. (2000). External supervision: How can it increase the effectiveness of relapse prevention? In D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook (pp. 236–253). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Cumming, G., & McGrath, R. J. (2005). Supervision of the sex offender: Community management, risk assessment, and treatment. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
D’Amora, D., & Burns–Smith, G. (1999). Partnering in response to sexual violence: How offender treatment and victim advocacy can work together in response to sexual violence. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 293–304.
Dane, B. (2000). Child welfare workers: An innovative approach for interacting with secondary trauma. Journal of Social Work Education, 36, 27.
DeMichele, M., Payne, B., & Button, D. (2007). Sex offender electronic monitoring has advantages, problems. State News: The Council of State Governments, 50, 26–29.
Dempster, R. J., & Hart, S. D. (2002). The relative utility of fixed and variable risk factors in discriminating sexual recidivists and nonrecidivists. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 121–138.
English, K. (1998). The Containment Approach: An aggressive strategy for the community management of adult sex offenders. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 4, 218–235.
English, K., Jones, L., & Patrick, D. (2003). Community containment of sex offender risk: A promising approach. In B.J. Winick & J.Q. LaFond (Eds.), Protecting society from sexually dangerous offenders: Law, justice, and therapy (pp. 265–279). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
English, K., Pullen, S., & Jones, L. (1996). Managing adult sex offenders: A Containment Approach. Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
Fanniff, A. M., & Becker, J. V. (2006). Specialized assessment and treatment of adolescent sex offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 265–282.
Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion fatigue: Toward a new understanding of the costs of caring. In B. H. Stamm (Ed.), Secondary traumatic stress: Self–care issues for clinicians, researchers, and educators (pp. 3–28). Lutherville, MD: Sidrian Press.
Friendship, C., Mann, R. E., & Beech, A. R. (2003). Evaluation of a national prison–based treatment program for sexual offenders in England and Wales. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 744–759.
Gendreau, P., Goggin, C., Cullen, F. T., & Andrews, D. (2001). The effects of community sanctions and incarceration on recidivism. In L. L. Montiuk & R. C. Serin (Eds.), Compendium 2000 on effective correctional programming: Volume 1 (pp. 18–21). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Correctional Service Canada.
Gendreau, P., Goggin, C., & Fulton, B. (2000). Intensive supervision in probation and parole. In C. R. Hollin (Ed.), Handbook of offender assessment and treatment (pp. 195–204). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Gendreau, P., Little, T., & Goggin, C. (1996). A meta–analysis of adult offender recidivism: What works? Criminology, 34, 575–607.
Gordon, A., & Packard, R. (1998). The impact of community maintenance treatment on sex offender recidivism. Paper presented at the 17th Annual Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, Vancouver, British Columbia.
Gordon, A., & Nicholaichuk, T. (1996). Applying the risk principle to sex offender treatment. Forum of Correctional Research, 8, 58–60.
Gray, A. S., & Pithers, W. D. (1993). Relapse prevention with sexually aggressive adolescents and children: Expanding treatment and supervision. In H. E. Barbaree, W. L. Marshall, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (pp. 289–319). New York, NY: Guilford.
Green, R. (1995). Community management of sex offenders. In B. K. Schwartz & H. R. Cellini (Eds.), The sex offender: Corrections, treatment, and legal practice (pp. 21.1–21.8). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Greer, W. C. (1997). Aftercare: Community reintegration following institutional treatment. In G. Ryan & S. Lane (Eds.), Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction: New and revised edition (pp. 417–430). San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass.
Hanson, R. K. (1997). The development of a brief actuarial scale for sexual offense recidivism, 97–04. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of the Solicitor General of Canada.
Hanson, R. K. (2006). What works: The principles of effective interventions with offenders. Presentation at the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, Chicago, IL.
Hanson, K. R. (2000). Risk assessment. Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers informational package. Beaverton, OR: Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2000a). The Sex Offender Need Assessment Rating (SONAR): A method for measuring change in risk levels, 2000–1. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of the Solicitor General of Canada.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2000b). Where should we intervene? Dynamic predictors of sexual offense recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27, 6–35.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2001). A structured approach to evaluating change among sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, 105–122.
Hanson, R. K., & Morton–Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta–analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1154–1163.
Hanson, R. K., Morton, K. E., & Harris, J. R. (2003). Sexual offender recidivism risk: What we know and what we need to know. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 989, 154–166.
Hanson, R. K., & Thornton, D. (1999). Static–99: Improving actuarial risk assessments for sex offenders, 1999–02. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of the Solicitor General of Canada.
Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl, T., Farrington, D. P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R. F., & Harachi, T. W. (1998). A review of predictors of youth violence. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 106–146). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Heinz, J., & Ryan, G. (1997). The legal system’s response to juvenile sexual offenders. In G. Ryan & S. Lane (Eds.), Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction (pp. 201–210). San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass, Inc.
Hoge, R. D., & Andrews, D. A. (1997). The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory. Toronto: Multi–Health Systems.
Hudson, S. M., Wales, D. S., Bakker, L., & Ward, T. (2002). Dynamic risk factors: The Kia Marama evaluation. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 103–119.
Hudson, S. M., Wales, D. S., & Ward, T. (1998). Kia Marama: A treatment program for child molesters in New Zealand. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 17–28). New York, NY: Plenum.
Hunter, J. A. (2006). Understanding diversity in juvenile sexual offenders: Implications for assessment, treatment, and legal management. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 63–77). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Hunter, J. A., Figueredo, A. J., Malamuth, N. M., & Becker, J. V. (2004). Developmental pathways in youth sexual aggression and delinquency. Journal of Family Violence, 19, 233–242.
Hunter, J. A., & Lexier, L. J. (1998). Ethical and legal issues in the assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders. Child Maltreatment, 3, 339–348.
Hunter, J. A., & Longo, R. E. (2004). Relapse prevention with juvenile sexual abusers: A holistic and integrated approach. In G. O’Reilly, W. L. Marshall, A. Carr, & R. C. Beckett (Eds.), The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse (pp. 297–314). New York, NY: Brunner–Routledge.
Interstate Commission for Adult Offender Supervision (ICAOS) (2007). GPS update survey. Lexington, KY: Author.
Jenkins, A. (1998). Invitations to responsibility: Engaging adolescents and young men who have sexually abused. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 163–189). New York, NY: Plenum.
Jones, L., Pullen, S., English, K., Crouch, J., Colling–Chadwick, S., & Patzman, J. (1996). Summary of the national telephone survey of probation and parole supervisors. In K. English, S. Pullen, & L. Jones (Eds.), Managing adult sex offenders: A Containment Approach (pp. 3.13.14). Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
Langan, P. A., Schmitt, E. L., & Durose, M. R. (2003). Recidivism of sex offenders released from prison in 1994. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Lane, S. (1997). Assessment of sexually abusive youth. In G. Ryan & S. Lane (Eds.), Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction (pp. 219–263). San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass.
Lipsey, M. W., & Derzon, J. H. (1998). Predictors of violent or serious delinquency in adolescence and early adulthood: A synthesis of longitudinal research. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 86–105). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Longo, R. E., & Prescott, D. S. (2006) (Eds.). Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Lyons, J. S. (2001). Child and adolescent needs and strengths: An information integration tool for children and adolescents with issues of sexual development (CANS–SD Manual). http://www.buddinpraed.org, accessed June 26, 2007.
Lyons, D. (2006). Where on earth are sex offenders? State Legislatures Magazine. Denver, CO: National Council of State Legislatures.
Madsen, L., Parsons, S., & Grubin, D. (2004). A preliminary study of the contribution of periodic polygraph testing to the treatment and supervision of sex offenders. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 15, 682–695.
Mailloux, D. L., Abracen, J., Serin, R., Cousineau, C. Malcome, B., & Luman, J. (2003). Dosage of treatment to sexual offenders: Are we overprescribing? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47, 171–184.
Mann, R. E., Webster, S. D., Schofield, C., & Marshall, W. L. (2004). Approach versus avoidance goals in relapse prevention with sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 65–75.
Marques, J. K., Nelson, C., Alarcon, J. M., & Day, D. M. (2000). Preventing relapse in sex offenders: What we learned from SOTEP’s experimental treatment program. In D. R. Laws, S. M., Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook (pp. 321–340). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Marques, J. K., Wiederanders, M., Day, D. M., Nelson, C., & van Ommeren, A. (2005). Effects of a relapse prevention program on sexual recidivism: Final results from California’s Sex Offender Treatment and Evaluation Project (SOTEP). Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 79–107.
McGrath, R. J., Cumming, G. F., & Burchard, B. L. (2003). Current practices and trends in sexual abuser management: The Safer Society 2002 nationwide survey. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
McGrath, R. J., Cumming, G., Livingston, J. A., & Hoke, S. E. (2003). Outcome of a treatment program for adult sex offenders: From prison to community. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 3–17.
McGrath, R. J., & Cumming, G. F. (2003). Sex offender treatment needs and progress scale manual. Middlebury, VT: Author.
McGrath, R. J., Hoke, S. E., & Vojtisek, J. E. (1998). Cognitive–behavioral treatment of sex offenders: A treatment comparison and long–term follow–up study. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 25, 203–225.
National Adolescent Perpetrator Network (NAPN) (1993). The revised report from the National Task Force on Juvenile Sexual Offending. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 44, 1–120.
National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ) (2005). Juvenile delinquency guidelines: Improving court practice in juvenile delinquency cases. Reno, NV: Author.
O’ Connell, M. A. (2000). Polygraphy: Assessment and community monitoring. In D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook (pp. 285–302). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Petersilia, J. (2003). When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Petersilia, J., & Turner, S. (1993). Intensive probation and parole. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and justice: An annual review of research (pp. 281335). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Pettett, J., & Weirman, D. (1996). Monitoring with surveillance officers. In K. English, S. Pullen, & L. Jones (Eds.), Managing adult sex offenders: A Containment Approach (pp. 11.111.11). Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
Pithers, W. D., & Cumming, G. F. (1989). Can relapses be prevented? Initial outcome data from the Vermont Treatment Program for Sexual Aggressors. In D. R. Laws (Ed.), Relapse prevention with sex offenders (pp. 313–325). New York, NY: Guilford.
Pithers, W. D., & Cumming, G. F. (1995). Relapse prevention: A method for enhancing behavioral self–management and external supervision of the sexual aggressor. In B. K. Schwartz & H. R. Cellini (Eds.), The sex offender: Corrections, treatment, and legal practice (pp. 20.1–20.32). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Pithers, W. D., Kashima, K., Cumming, G. F., Beal, L. S., & Buell, M. (1988). Relapse prevention of sexual aggression. In R. Prentky & V. Quinsey (Eds.), Human sexual aggression: Current perspectives (pp. 244–260). New York, NY: Academy of Sciences.
Pithers, W. D., Martin, G. R., & Cumming, G. F. (1989). Vermont Treatment Program for Sexual Aggressors. In D. R. Laws (Ed.), Relapse prevention with sex offenders (pp. 292–310). New York, NY: Guilford.
Prentky, R. A., & Righthand, S. (2003). Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol–II Manual. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Prescott, D. S. (Ed.) (2006). Risk assessment of youth who have sexually abused: Theory, controversy, and emerging strategies. Oklahoma City, OK: Wood & Barnes Publishing.
Pullen, C., & Pullen, S. (1996). Secondary trauma associated with managing sex offenders. In K. English, S. Pullen, & L. Jones (Eds.), Managing adult sex offenders: A Containment Approach (pp. 10.1–10.11). Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
Renzema, M., and Mayo–Wilson, E. (2005). Can electronic monitoring reduce crime for moderate to high–risk offenders? Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1, 1–23.
Ryan, G. (1997a). Consequences for the youth who has been abusive. In G. Ryan & S. Lane (Eds.), Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction (pp. 168–175). San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass.
Ryan, G. (1997b). The families of sexually abusive youth. In G. Ryan & S. Lane (Eds.), Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction (pp. 136–154). San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass.
Ryan, G., & Lane, S. (Eds). (1997). Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction. San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass.
Schlank, A., & Bidelman, P. (2001). Transition—Challenges for the offender and the community. In A. Schlank (Ed.), The sexual predator: Legal issues, clinical issues, special populations (pp. 10.1–10.13). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Scott, L. K. (1997). Community management of sex offenders. In B. K. Schwartz & H. R. Cellini (Eds.), The sex offender: New insights, treatment innovations, and legal developments (pp.16.1–16.12). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Thakker, J., Ward, T., & Tidmarsh, P. (2006). A reevaluation of relapse prevention with adolescents who sexually offend: A good lives model. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 313–335). New York, NY: Guilford.
Thornton, D. (2002). Constructing and testing a framework for dynamic risk assessment. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 139–153.
Thorpe, G. L., Righthand, S., & Kubik, E. K. (2001). Dimensions of burnout in professionals working with sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, 197–203.
Waite, D., Keller, A., McGarvey, E. L., Wieckowski, E., Pinkerton, R., & Brown, G. L. (2005). Juvenile sex offender re–arrest rates for sexual, violent nonsexual, and property crimes: A 10–year follow up. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 313–331.
Wilson, R. J., & Picheca, J. E. (2005). Circles of support and accountability: Engaging the community in sexual offender management. In B. K. Schwartz (Ed.), The sex offender: Issues in assessment, treatment, and supervision of adult and juvenile populations (pp. 13.1–13.21). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Worling, J. R. (1998). Adolescent sexual offender treatment at the SAFE–T program. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 353–365). New York, NY: Plenum.
Worling, J. R., & Curwen, T. (2000). Adolescent sexual offender recidivism: Success of specialized treatment and implications for risk prediction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24, 965–982.
Worling, J. R., & Langstrom, N. (2006). Risk of sexual recidivism in adolescents who offend sexually: Correlates and assessment. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 219–247). New York, NY: Guilford.

Treatment

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) (1999). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents who are sexually abusive of others. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 55–76.
Andrews, D.A., & Bonta, J. (2007). The psychology of criminal conduct (4th ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
Aos, S., Miller, M., & Drake, E. (2006). Evidence–based adult corrections programs: What works and what does not. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
Aos, S., Phipps, P., Barnoski, R., & Lieb, R. (2001). The comparative costs and benefits of programs to reduce crime, Version 4.0. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (2000). The effective legal management of juvenile sexual offenders. Beaverton, OR: Author.
Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (2005). Practice standards and guidelines for the evaluation, treatment, and management of adult male sexual abusers. Beaverton, OR: Author.
Barbaree, H. E., & Marshall, W. L. (Eds.). (2006). The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.
Beech, A. R. & Hamilton–Giachritsis, C. E. (2005). Relationship between therapeutic climate and treatment outcome in group–based sexual offender treatment programs. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 127–140.
Bengis, S. (1986). A comprehensive service delivery system within a continuum of care for adolescent sexual offenders. Shoreham, VT: Safer Society Program.
Bengis, S. (1997). Comprehensive service delivery with a continuum of care. In G. D. Ryan & S. L. Lane (Eds.), Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and correction (pp. 211–218). San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass.
Bengis, S., Brown, A., Freeman–Longo, R. E., Matsuda, B., Ross, J., Singer, K., and Thomas, J. (1999). Standards of care for youth in sex offense–specific residential programs. National Offense–Specific Residential Standards Task Force: Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Berenson, D., & Underwood, L. (2000). Sex offender programming in youth correction and detention facilities. S. Easton, MA: Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators
Berlin, F. S. (2000). The etiology and treatment of sexual offending. In D. H. Fishbein (Ed.), The science, treatment, and prevention of antisocial behaviors: Application to the criminal justice system (pp. 21.1–21.15). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Borduin, C. M., Henggeler, S. W., Blaske, D. M., & Stein, R. J. (1990). Multisystemic treatment of adolescent sex offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 34, 105–113.
Borduin, C. M., & Schaeffer, C. M. (2002). Multisystemic treatment of juvenile sexual offenders: A progress report. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 13, 25–42.
Bradford, J. M. W., & Fedoroff, P. (2006). Pharmacological treatment of the juvenile sex offender. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 358–383). New York, NY: Guilford.
Bradford, J. M. W., & Greenberg, D. M. (1998). Treatment of adult male sexual offenders in a psychiatric setting. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 247–256). New York, NY: Plenum.
Bumby, K. M., Marshall, W. L., & Langton, C. M. (1999). A theoretical model of the influences of shame and guilt on sexual offending. In B. K. Schwartz (Ed.), The sex offender: Theoretical advances, treating special populations, and legal developments (pp. 5.1–5.12). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research institute.
Bumby, K. M. & Talbot, T. B. (2007). Treating juveniles who commit sex offenses: Historical approaches, contemporary practices, and future directions. In M. C. Calder (Ed.), Working with children and youth who sexually abuse: Taking the field forward (pp. 245–261). Lyme Regis, UK: Russell House.
Caldwell, M. F. (2002). What we do not know about juvenile sexual reoffense risk. Child Maltreatment, 7, 291–302.
Carter, M., Bumby, K. & Talbot, T. (2004). Promoting offender accountability and community safety through the Comprehensive Approach to Sex Offender Management. Seton Hall Law Review, 34, 1273–1297.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (1999). Understanding juvenile sexual offending behavior: Emerging research, treatment approaches, and management practices. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2007). Female sex offenders. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Chaffin, M. (2006). Can we develop evidence–based practice with adolescent sex offenders? In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 119–141). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Chaffin, M., Letourneau, E., & Silovsky, J. F. (2002). Adults, adolescents, and children who sexually abuse children: A developmental perspective. In J. E. B. Myers, L. Berliner, J. Briere, C. T. Hendrix, C. Jenny, & T. A. Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed.) (pp. 205–232). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Cohen, M., & Miller, T. (1998). The cost of mental health care for victims of crime. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 93–110.
Dodge, K. A., Dishion, T. J., & Lansford, J. E. (2006). Interventions and policies that aggregate deviant youth, and strategies to optimize outcomes. New York, NY: Guilford.
Donato, R., & Shanahan, M. P. (2001). Counting the cost: Estimating the economic benefit of paedophile treatment programs. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25, 541–555.
Dowden, C. & Andrews, D. A. (2000). Effective correctional treatment and violent recidivism: A meta–analysis. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 42, 449–476.
English, K., Pullen, S., & Jones, L. (Eds.). (1996). Managing adult sex offenders: A Containment Approach. Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.
Fanniff, A., & Becker, J. (2006). Developmental considerations in working with juvenile sexual offenders. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 119–141). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Fernandez, Y. M. (2006). Focusing on the positive and avoiding negativity in sexual offender treatment. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, L. E. Marshall, & G. A. Serran (Eds.), Sexual offender treatment: Controversial issues (pp. 187–197). West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Fernandez, Y. M., & Marshall, W. L. (2000). Contextual issues in relapse prevention treatment. In D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook (pp. 225–235). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Friendship, C., Mann, R. E., & Beech, A. R. (2003). Evaluation of a national prison–based treatment program for sexual offenders in England and Wales. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 744–759.
Gallagher, C. A., Wilson, D. B., Hirschfield, P., Coggeshall, M. B. & MacKenzie, D. L. (1999). A quantitative review of the effects of sex offender treatment on sexual reoffending. Corrections Management Quarterly, 3, 19–29.
Ginsburg, J. D., Mann, R. E., Rotgers, F., & Weekes, J. R. (2002). Motivational Interviewing with criminal justice populations. In W. R. Miller & S. Rollnick (Eds.), Motivational Interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behavior (2nd ed.) (pp. 333–346). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Glaser, B. (2003). Therapeutic jurisprudence: An ethical paradigm for therapists in sex offender treatment programs. Western Criminology Review, 4, 143–154.
Gordon, A., & Hover, G. (1998). The Twin Rivers Sex Offender Treatment Program. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 3–15). New York, NY: Plenum.
Gordon, A., & Nicholaichuk, T. (1996). Applying the risk principle to sex offender treatment. Forum of Correctional Research, 8, 58–60.
Greenberg, D.M., & Bradford, J. M. W. (1997). Treatment of the paraphilic disorders: A review of the role of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9, 349–360.
Grubin, D. (2000). Complementing relapse prevention with medical intervention. In D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook (pp. 201–212). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Haaven, J., Little, R., & Petre–Miller, D. (1990). Treating intellectually disabled sex offenders: A model residential program. Orwell, VT: Safer Society Press.
Hanson, R. K., & Bussiere, M. T. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta–analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 348–362.
Hanson, R. K., Gordon, A., Harris, A. J. R., Marques, J. K., Murphy, W., Quinsey, V. L., & Seto, M. C. (2002). First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 169–194.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2000). Where should we intervene? Dynamic predictors of sexual offense recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27, 6–35.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2001). A structured approach to evaluating change among sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, 105–122.
Hanson, R. K., & Morton–Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta–analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1154–1163.
Harrison, P. M. & Beck, A. J. (2006). Prisoners in 2005. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Henggeler, S. W., Schoenwald, S. K., Borduin, C. M., Rowland, M. D., & Cunningham, P. B. (1998). Multisystemic treatment of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford.
Hunter, J. A. (2006). Understanding diversity in juvenile sexual offenders: Implications for assessment, treatment, and legal management. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 63–77). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Hunter, J. A., & Figueredo, A. J. (1999). Factors associated with treatment compliance in a population of juvenile sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 49–67.
Hunter, J. A., Figueredo, A. J., Malamuth, N. M., & Becker, J. V. (2003). Juvenile sex offenders: Toward the development of a typology. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, 27–48.
Hunter, J. A., Figueredo, A. J., Malamuth, N. M., & Becker, J. V. (2004a). Developmental pathways in youth sexual aggression and delinquency. Journal of Family Violence, 19, 233–242.
Hunter, J. A., Gilbertson, S. A., Vedros, D., & Morton, M. (2004b). Strengthening community–based programming for juvenile sex offenders: Key concepts and paradigm shifts. Child Maltreatment, 9, 177–189.
Hunter, J. A., & Lexier, L. J. (1998). Ethical and legal issues in the assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders. Child Maltreatment, 3, 339–348.
Janus, E. S. (2006). Failure to protect: America’s sexual predator laws and the rise of the preventative state. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Jennings, J. L., & Sawyer, S. (2003). Principles and techniques for maximizing the effectiveness of group therapy with sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, 251–267.
Kafka, M.P. (2001). The role of medications in the treatment of paraphilia–related disorders. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 16, 105–112.
Kafka, M. P., & Hennen, J. (2002). A DSM–IV Axis I Comorbidity study of males (n=120) with paraphilias and paraphilia–related disorders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 349–366.
Kear–Colwell, J., & Pollack, P. (1997). Motivation and confrontation: Which approach to the child sex offender? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 24, 20–33.
Knight, R. (2004). Comparisons between juvenile and adult sexual offenders on the multidimensional assessment of sex and aggression. In G. O’ Reilly, W. L. Marshall, A. Carr, & R. C. Beckett (Eds.), The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse (pp. 203233). New York, NY: Brunner–Routledge.
LaFond, J. Q. (2005). Preventing sexual violence: How society should cope with sex offenders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Laws, D. R., Hudson, S.M., & Ward, T. (Eds). (2000). Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Laws, D. R., & Marshall, W. L. (2003). A brief history of behavioral and cognitive behavioral approaches to sexual offender treatment: Part 1. Early developments. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, 75–92.
Laws, D. R., & O’Donohue, W. (1997). Fundamental issues in sexual deviance. In D. R. Laws & W. O’Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment, and treatment (pp. 1–21). New York, NY: Guilford.
Letourneau, E. J., Borduin, C. M., & Schaeffer, C. M. (in press). Multisystemic therapy for youth with problem sexual behaviors. In A. Beech, L. Craig, & K. Browne (Eds.), Assessment and treatment of sexual offenders: A handbook. New York, NY: Wiley.
Letourneau, E. J., & Miner, M. H. (2005). Juvenile sex offenders: A case against the legal and clinical status quo. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 293–312.
Longo, R. E. & Prescott, D. S. (Eds.). (2006). Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Lösel, F. & Schmucker, M. (2005). The effectiveness of treatment for sexual offenders: A comprehensive meta–analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1, 117–146.
MacKenzie, D. L. (2006). Sex offender treatment. In D. L. MacKenzie, What works in corrections: Reducing criminal activities of offenders and delinquents (pp. 137–167). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Mailloux, D. L., Abracen, J., Serin, R., Cousineau, C., Malcolm, B., & Looman, J. (2003). Dosage of treatment to sexual offenders: Are we overprescribing? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47, 171–184.
Mann, R. E., & Beech, A. R. (2003). Cognitive distortions, schemas, and implicit theories. In T. Ward, D. R. Laws, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Issues and controversies (pp. 135153). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Mann, R. E., Webster, S. D., Schofield, C., & Marshall, W. L. (2004). Approach versus avoidance goals in relapse prevention with sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 65–75.
Marshall, W. L. (1996). The sexual offender: Monster, victim, or everyman? Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 8, 317–335.
Marshall, W. L., Anderson, D., & Fernandez, Y. (1999). Cognitive behavioral treatment of sexual offenders. London, England: Wiley.
Marshall, W. L., Fernandez, Y. M., Hudson, S. M., & Ward, T. (Eds.). (1998). Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders. New York, NY: Plenum.
Marshall, W.L., Fernandez, Y., Marshall, L., Serran, G. (2006a). Sexual offender treatment: Controversial issues. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
Marshall, W. L., Fernandez, Y. M., Serran, G. A., Mulloy, R., Thornton, D., Mann, R., & Anderson, D. (2003). Process issues in the treatment of sexual offenders: A review of relevant literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 8, 205–234.
Marshall, W. L., & Laws, D. R. (2003). A brief history of behavioral and cognitive behavioral approaches to sexual offender treatment: Part 2. The modern era. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, 93–120.
Marshall, W. L., Marshall, L. E., Serran, G. A., and Fernandez, Y. M. (2006b). Treating sexual offenders: An integrated approach. New York, NY: Routledge.
Marshall, W. L., Ward, T., Mann, R., Moulden, H., Fernandez, Y. M., Serran, G., & Marshall, L. E. (2005). Working positively with sexual offenders: Maximizing the effectiveness of treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 10961114.
McGrath, R. J., & Cumming, G. F. (2003). Sex offender treatment needs and progress scale manual. Middlebury, VT: Author.
McGrath, R. J., Cumming, G. F., & Burchard, B. L. (2003). Current practices and trends in sexual abuser management: The Safer Society 2002 nationwide survey. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational Interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.
Miranda, A. O., & Corcoran, C. L. (2000). Comparison of perpetration characteristics between male juvenile and adult sexual offenders: Preliminary results. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12, 179–188.
Morenz, B., & Becker, J. V. (1995). The treatment of youthful sexual offenders. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4, 247–256.
National Adolescent Perpetrator Network (NAPN) (1993). The revised report from the National Task Force on Juvenile Sexual Offending. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 44, 1–120.
Nicholaichuk, T. P. (1996). Sex offender treatment priority: An illustration of the risk/need principle. Forum on Corrections Research, 8, 30–32.
Nisbet, I. A., Wilson, P. H., & Smallbone, S. W. (2004). A prospective longitudinal study of sexual recidivism among adolescent sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 224–234.
O’Reilly, G., Marshall, W, L., Carr, A., & Beckett, R. C. (Eds.) (2004). The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse. New York, NY: Brunner–Routledge.
Prentky, R., & Burgess A. (1990). Rehabilitation of child molesters: a cost–benefit analysis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60, 108
117.
Prentky, R. A., & Righthand, S. (2003). Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol–II Manual. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Prescott, D. S. (2006) (Ed.). Risk assessment of youth who have sexually abused: Theory, controversy, and emerging strategies. Oklahoma City, OK: Wood & Barnes Publishing.
Reitzel, L. R., & Carbonell, J. L. (2006). The effectiveness of sex offender treatment for juveniles as measured by recidivism: A meta–analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 18, 401–421.
Rich, P. (2003). Understanding, assessing, and rehabilitating juvenile sexual offenders. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Saldana, L., Swenson, C. C., & Letourneau, E. (2006). Multisystemic Therapy with juveniles who sexually abuse. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 563–577). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Sawyer, S. (2002). Group therapy with adult sex offenders. In B. K. Schwartz (Ed.), The sex offender: Current treatment modalities and systems issues (pp. 14.1–14.15). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Schlank, A. (Ed.). (2001). The sexual predator: Legal issues, clinical issues, special populations. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Schlank, A., & Cohen, F. (Eds.) (1999). The sexual predator: Law,policy, evaluation and treatment. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Schwartz, B. K. (1995). Group therapy. In B. K. Schwartz & H. R. Cellini (Eds.), The sex offender: Corrections, treatment, and legal practice (pp. 14.1–14.15). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Schwartz, B. K. (2003). Overview of rehabilitative efforts in understanding and managing sexually coercive behaviors. In R. Prentky, E. S. Janus, & M. C. Seto (Eds.), Sexually coercive behavior: Understanding and management (pp. 360–383). New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences.
Seto, M. C., & Lalumiere, M. L. (2006). Conduct problems and juvenile sexual offending. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 166–188). New York, NY: Guilford.
Shanahan, M. P., & Donato, R. (2001). The economics of child sex–offender rehabilitation programs: Beyond Prentky and Burgess. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71, 131–139.
Sheerin, D. (2004). Psychiatric disorder and adolescent sexual offending. In G. O’Reilly, W. L. Marshall, A. Carr, & R. C. Beckett (Eds.), The handbook of clinical intervention with young people who sexually abuse (pp. 129–159). New York, NY: Brunner–Routledge.
Smallbone, S. W. (2006). Social and psychological factors in the development and delinquency of sexual deviance. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 105–127). New York, NY: Guilford.
Snyder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 National report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Thakker, J., Ward, T., & Tidmarsh, P. (2006). A reevaluation of relapse prevention with adolescents who sexually offend: A good lives model. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 313–335). New York, NY: Guilford.
U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Department of Health and Human Services. (2004, October 15). Public health advisory: Suicidality in children and adolescents being treated with antidepressant medications.
Walker, D. F., McGovern, S. K., Poey, E. L., Otis, K. E. (Eds.). (2004). Treatment effectiveness for male adolescent sexual offenders: A metaanalysis and review. In R. Geffner, K. Crumpton Franey, T. Geffner Arnold, & R. Falconer (Eds), Identifying and treating youth who sexually offend: Current approaches, techniques, and research (pp. 281–293). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
Ward, T. & Fisher, D. (2006). New ideas in the treatment of sexual offenders. In W. L. Marshall, Y. Fernandez, & L. Marshall (Eds.), Sexual offender treatment: Issues and controversies (143–158). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
Ward, T., & Hudson, S. M. (1998). A model of the relapse process in sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 700–725.
Ward, T., & Hudson, S. M. (2000). A self–regulation model of relapse prevention. In D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders: A sourcebook (pp. 79–101). New York, NY: Sage Publications.
Ward, T., Hudson, S. M., Johnston, L., & Marshall, W. L. (1997). Cognitive distortions in sex offenders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 479–507.
Ward, T., Hudson, S. M., & Keenan, T. (1998). A self–regulation model of the sexual offense process. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 10 , 141–157.
Ward, T. & Keenan, T. (1999). Child molesters’ implicit theories. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 821–838.
Ward, T., Polaschek, D. L. L., & Beech, A. (2006). Theories of sexual offending. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Ward, T., & Siegert, R. J. (2002). Toward a comprehensive theory of child sexual abuse: A theory knitting perspective. Psychology, Crime, and Law, 9, 319–351.
Ward, T., & Stewart, C. A. (2003). Good lives and the rehabilitation of sexual offenders. In T. Ward, D. R. Laws, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Issues and controversies (pp. 21–44). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
West, M., Hromas, C. S., & Wenger, P. (2000). State sex offender treatment programs: 50–State survey. Colorado Springs, CO: Colorado Department of Corrections.
Wieckowski, E., Waite, D., Pinkerton, R, McGarvey, E., & Brown, G. (2004). Sex offender treatment in a juvenile correctional setting: Program description and nine–year outcome study. In M. Calder (Ed.), Children and young people who sexually abuse: New theory, research and practice developments (pp. 364–376). Dorset, UK: Russell House.
Winick, B. J., & LaFond, J. Q. (Eds.). (2003). Protecting society from sexually dangerous offenders: Law, justice, and therapy. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Worling, J. R. (2004). The Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism (ERASOR): Preliminary data. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 235–254.
Worling, J. R., & Curwen, T. (2000). Adolescent sexual offender recidivism: Success of specialized treatment and implications for risk prediction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24, 965–982.
Worling, J. R., & Curwen, T. (2001). The ERA–SOR: Estimate of risk of adolescent sexual offense recidivism. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: SAFE–T Program.
Worling, J. R., & Langstrom, N. (2006). Risk of sexual recidivism in adolescents who offend sexually: Correlates and assessment. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed.) (pp. 219–247). New York, NY: Guilford.

Reentry

Altschuler, D. M., & Armstrong, T. L. (1996). Aftercare not afterthought: Testing the IAP model. Juvenile Justice, 3, 15–22.
Altschuler, D. M., & Armstrong, T. L. (2001). Reintegrating high–risk juvenile offenders into communities: Experiences and prospects. Corrections Management Quarterly, 5, 72–88.
Altschuler, D. M., Armstrong, T. L., & MacKenzie, D. L. (1999). Reintegration, supervised release, and aftercare. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Aos, S., Miller, M., & Drake, E. (2006). Evidence–based adult corrections programs: What works and what does not. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
Aos, S., Phipps, P., Barnoski, R., & Lieb, R. (2001). The comparative costs and benefits of programs to reduce crime. Document Number 01–05–1201. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
Austin, J., Fabelo, T., Gunter, A., & McGinnis, K. (2006). Sexual violence in the Texas prison system. Washington, D.C.: JFA Institute.
Barrett, M., Wilson, R. J., & Long, C. (2003). Measuring motivation to change in sexual offenders from institutional intake to community treatment. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, 269–283.
Beck, A. J., & Gilliard, D. K. (1995). Prisoners in 1994. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Bengis, S. (1997). Comprehensive service delivery with a continuum of care. In G. D. Ryan and S. L. Lane (Eds.), Juvenile sexual offending: Causes, consequences, and corrections (pp. 211–218). San Francisco, CA: Jossey–Bass.
Bengis, S., Brown, A., Freeman–Longo, R., Matsuda, B., Ross, J., Singer, K., & Thomas, J. (1999). Standards of care for youth in sex offense–specific residential programs. National Offense–Specific Residential Standards Task Force. Holyoke, MA: NEARI press.
Berlin, F. S. (2000). The etiology and treatment of sexual offending. In Fishbein, D.H. (Ed.), The science, treatment, and prevention of antisocial behaviours: Application to the criminal justice system (pp. 21.1–21.15). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Borduin, C. M., & Schaeffer, C. M. (2002). Multisystemic treatment of juvenile sex offenders. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 13, 25–42.
Bumby, K. M. (2005). [Decisionmaking challenges faced by paroling authorities when sex offenders are considered for parole]. Unpublished raw data.
Bumby, K. M. & Talbot, T. B. (2007). Treating juveniles who commit sex offenses: Historical approaches, contemporary practices, and future directions. In M. Calder (Ed.), Working with children and youth who sexually abuse: Taking the field forward (pp. 245–261). Lyme Regis, UK: Russell House.
Bumby, K. M., Talbot, T. B., & Carter, M. M. (in press). Sex offender reentry: Facilitating public safety through successful transition and community reintegration. Criminal Justice and Behavior.
Bynum, T. S., Huebner, B., & Burgess–Proctor, A. (2002). Sex offenders incarcerated in the state of Michigan. Michigan Department of Corrections.
Caldwell, M. F. (2002). What we do not know about juvenile sexual reoffense risk. Child Maltreatment, 7, 291–302.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000a). Public opinion and the criminal justice system: Building support for sex offender management programs. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2000b). The collaborative approach to sex offender management. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2002). Time to work: Managing the employment of sex offenders under community supervision. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2005). Key considerations for reunifying adult sex offenders and their families. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) (2007). Managing the challenges of sex offender reentry. Silver Spring, MD: Author.
Chaffin, M., Letourneau, E., & Silovsky, J. F. (2002). Adults, adolescents, and children who sexually abuse children: A developmental perspective. In J. E. B. Myers, L. Berliner, J. Briere,
C. T. Hendrix, C. Jenny, & T. A. Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed.) (pp. 205–232). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Cowan, D., Gilroy, R., & Pantazis, C. (1999). Risking housing need. Journal of Law and Society, 26, 403–426.
Cowan, D., Gilroy, R., Pantazis, C., & Bevan, M. (1999). Allocating social housing to sex offenders: An examination of current practice. Conventry, UK: Chartered Institute of Housing.
Cullen, F. T., & Gendreau, P. (2000). Assessing correctional rehabilitation: Policy, practice, and prospects. In Criminal justice 2000: Policies, processes, and decisions of the criminal justice system (pp. 109–176). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice.
Cumming, G., & McGrath, R. J. (2000). External supervision: How can it increase the effectiveness of relapse prevention? In D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Remaking relapse prevention with sex offenders (pp. 236–253). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Cumming, G., & McGrath, R. J. (2005). Supervision of the sex offender: Community management, risk assessment, and treatment. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
Dodge, K. A., Dishion, T. J., & Lansford, J. E. (2006). Interventions and policies that aggregate deviant youth, and strategies to optimize outcomes. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Fernandez, Y. M. & Marshall, W. L. (2000). Contextual issues in relapse prevention treatment. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, L. E. Marshall, & G. A. Serran (Eds.), Sexual offender treatment: Contextual issues (pp. 187–197). West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Fine, J. ( 2000). Victim issues for parole boards. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of Crime.
Gaes, G., Flanagan, T., Motiuk, L., & Stewart, L. (1999). Adult Correctional Treatment. In M. Tonry & J. Petersilia (Eds.), Prisons: Crime and Justice, Vol. 26, (pp. 361–426). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Greenfeld, L. (1997). Sex offenses and offenders: An analysis of data on rape and sexual assault. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Hanson, R. K., & Bussiere, M. T. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta–analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 348–362.
Hanson, R. K., Gordon, A., Harris, A. J. R., Marques, J. K., Murphy, W., Quinsey, V. L., & Seto, M. C. (2002). First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 169–194.
Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2000). Where should we intervene? Dynamic predictors of sexual recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27, 6–35.
Hanson, R. K., & Morton–Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta–analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1154–1163.
Harrison, P. M., & Beck, A. J. (2006a). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2005. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Harrison, P. M., & Beck, A. J. (2006b). Prisoners in 2005. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl, T., Farrington, D. P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R. F., & Harachi, T. W. (1998). A review of predictors of youth violence. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 106–146). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Henggeler, S. W., Schoenwald, S. K., Borduin, C. M., Rowland, M. D., & Cunningham, P. B. (1998). Multisystemic treatment of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Hook, M., & Seymour, A. (2003). Offender reentry requires attention to victim safety. Perspectives, 27, 24–29.
Human Rights Watch (2001). No escape: Male rape in U.S. prisons. New York, NY: Author.
Hunter, J. A. (2006). Understanding diversity in juvenile sexual offenders: Implications for assessment, treatment, and legal management. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 63–77). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press.
Hunter, J. A., Gilbertson, S. A., Vedros, D., & Morton, M. (2004). Strengthening community–based programming for juvenile sex offenders: Key concepts and paradigm shifts. Child Maltreatment, 9, 177–189
Langan, P. A. & Levin, D. J. (2002). Recidivism of prisoners released in 1994. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
Langan, P. A., Schmitt, E. L., & Durose, M. R. (2003). Recidivism of sex offenders released from prison in 1994. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Lawrence, S., Mears, D.P., Dubin, G. & Travis, J. (2002). The practice and promise of prison programming. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
Laws, D. R. (2003). Sexual offending is a public health problem: Are we doing enough? In T. Ward, D. R. Laws, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Issues and controversies (pp. 297316). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Letourneau, E. J., & Miner, M. H. (2005). Juvenile sex offenders: A case against the legal and clinical status quo. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 293–312.
Levenson, J. S. & Cotter, L. P. (2005a). The effect of Megan’s